What does anaerobic digestion refer to?

Anaerobic digestion refers to a biological process where microorganisms break down organic matter in the absence of oxygen. This process is critical for managing organic waste, as it not only reduces the volume of waste but also produces biogas, which can be harnessed as a renewable energy source.

During anaerobic digestion, specific anaerobic bacteria metabolize the organic materials, leading to the release of methane and carbon dioxide. This process is commonly utilized in various applications, including wastewater treatment systems and the treatment of organic wastes in agricultural settings, contributing to environmental sustainability and effective waste management.

Other processes listed, such as those requiring oxygen or involving chemical treatment, do not fall under anaerobic digestion. Additionally, processes that separate solids from liquids are more about physical separation rather than the biochemical conversion of waste. Thus, the choice correctly identifies anaerobic digestion based on its defining characteristics.