Which of the following are potential environmental impacts of improperly maintained septic systems?

Improperly maintained septic systems can lead to significant environmental impacts, primarily because these systems are designed to treat and safely manage wastewater. When a septic system fails or is not properly maintained, untreated sewage can escape from the system, leading to contamination of both groundwater and surface water sources. This can result in harmful bacteria, viruses, and nutrients entering water supplies, which can pose health risks to humans and aquatic life, contribute to algal blooms, and degrade water quality.

The specific mention of groundwater contamination and surface water pollution highlights the two major pathways through which these environmental impacts occur. Groundwater is a vital resource for drinking water, while surface water bodies are crucial for ecosystem health and recreational activities. Therefore, the connection between improper septic system maintenance and these environmental issues underscores the importance of regular inspections, maintenance, and timely repairs to these systems to prevent such detrimental effects.

The other options are not relevant outcomes of poorly maintained septic systems, as they suggest benefits or mitigated risks that do not occur in such scenarios.